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Respiratory diseases are getting more and more attention, and their complex and changeable symptoms have brought a series of challenges to medical treatment. Many common clinical examination methods are not enough to comprehensively deal with the situation, and clinical examination methods are urgently needed to provide accurate and effective basis for diagnosis and treatment. The exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a respiratory tract lining fluid obtained non-invasively, which is a new important source of biomarkers for respiratory diseases with high clinical research value. The EBC-based biomarker detection method can effectively reflect the changes in the patient's condition and optimize the treatment schedule. This method has received increasing clinical attention due to its advantages of simple operation, safety, non-invasiveness, high reproducibility, and good compliance. This article systematically analyzed the application status of biomarkers in EBC in the diagnosis, monitoring, efficacy evaluation and prognosis of respiratory diseases, and proposes corresponding problems in its collections, detection specifications and clinical applications, and provide a strong basis for its wide clinical application.