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Imaging spectrometry plays a significant role in various scientific realms. Although imaging spectrometers based on different schemes have been proposed, the pursuit of compact and high-performance devices is still ongoing. A compact broadband and ultrahigh-resolution imaging spectrometer (CBURIS) is presented, which comprises a microlens array, multiple fiber bundles, a microscope, and a two-dimensional detector array. The principle of the device is to spatially sample and integrate the field information via the front microlens array and then further process with the fiber bundles and imaging system based on the multimode interference theory. From both the theoretical and numerical analysis, this CBURIS design is a superior concept that not only achieves a 0.17° spatial resolution and ultrahigh spectral resolution (resolving power exceeds 2.58 × 10⁶ at 1.55 µm) from the visible to mid-infrared region but also has the advantages of snapshot measurement, thermal stability, and a compact footprint compared with most existing imaging spectrometers.