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Emergency logistics is the key process of disaster relief activities. Abruptness and inaccurate prediction of disaster make emergency logistics operated under the condition of uncertainty; these uncertainties are essentially different from ones in traditional business decision. To seek the core and future of research in emergency logistics optimization, the mainly research of emergency logistics under uncertainty conditions in recent years were reviewed. The characteristics of uncertainty appearing in emergency logistics process were analyzed, and the expression of uncertain factors, demand forecasts and objective function definition in decision-making optimization model were summarized; moreover, this article analyzed the key points of research in aspects of emergency logistics operations, uncertainties origination and emergency risks, and provided useful reference and directions for future research.