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Introduction: Effective communication between teachers and students plays a significant role in the efficacy of teaching-learning process. This study aimed to identify the influencing factors in teacher-student communication from the viewpoints of students of Birjand University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on students of Birjand University of Medical Sciences (BUMS). Relying on literature review and consult with experts, a researcher-made questionnaire was developed including three domains of teachers’ personal, professional, and scientific characteristics. After confirming content validity and reliability, questionnaires were delivered in person and then collected after completion. Data derived from 323 questionnaires was analyzed through descriptive statistics and using independent T and ANOVA. Results: Mean scores of three areas of personal, professional, and scientific characteristics of professors were respectively 4.35±.52, 4.27±.56 and 4.05±1.11 (out of 5). According to the students, being respectful to students, mastery on academic subjects, being up-to-date, equality in dealing with students, and accountability were regarded as the most effective factors in communication between teachers and students. This is while professor’s gender, age, history of research activities, and sensible use of encouraging tools were the least important factors in this relationship known by students. Conclusion: The results suggest that the character and ethical aspects of teachers as well as their scientific knowledge and teaching approach could enhance the relationship between teachers and students, thereby improve the teaching and learning process.