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For the first time in the Polish population, we aimed to investigate associations between the <i>VDR</i> gene single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) <i>BsmI</i> (rs15444410), <i>ApaI</i> (rs7975232), <i>FokI</i> (rs19735810), and <i>TaqI</i> (rs731236) and the development of preeclampsia (PE). A case–control study surveyed 122 preeclamptic and 184 normotensive pregnant women. The polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was performed to examine the maternal <i>VDR FokI</i>, <i>BsmI</i>, <i>TaqI</i>, and <i>ApaI</i> polymorphisms. The <i>VDR BsmI</i><i>AA</i> homozygous genotype was statistically significantly more frequent in preeclamptic women compared to the control group (<i>p</i> = 0.0263), which was also associated with a 2-fold increased risk of PE (OR = 2.06, <i>p</i> = 0.012). A correlation between the <i>VDR BsmI</i> polymorphism with systolic and diastolic blood hypertension was noted. Furthermore, 3-marker haplotype <i>CTA</i> (<i>TaqI/ApaI/BsmI</i>) was associated with significantly higher systolic (<i>p</i> = 0.0075) and diastolic (<i>p</i> = 0.0072) blood pressure. Association and haplotype analysis indicated that the <i>VDR BsmI A</i> allele could play a significant role in the PE pathomechanism and hence could be a risk factor for PE development in pregnant Polish women. These results indicate the importance of the <i>VDR BsmI</i> polymorphism and reveal that this variant is closely associated with a higher predisposition to hypertension.