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Six new aromatic acids (<b>1</b>–<b>6</b>) and three new leucine derivatives containing an unusual oxime moiety (<b>7</b>–<b>9</b>) were isolated and identified from the deep-sea-derived actinomycetes strain <i>Streptomyces chumphonensis</i> SCSIO15079, together with two known compounds (<b>10</b>–<b>11</b>). The structures of <b>1</b>–<b>9</b> including absolute configurations were determined by detailed NMR, MS, and experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism spectroscopic analyses. Compounds <b>1</b>–<b>9</b> were evaluated for their antimicrobial and cytotoxicity activities, as well as their effects on intracellular lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. Compounds <b>3</b> and <b>4</b>, with the most potent inhibitory activity on intracellular lipid accumulation at 10 μM, were revealed with potential antihyperlipidemic effects, although the mechanism needs to be further studied.