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<p>We have held in previous papers that Maximus of Turin (…398- …423) resorted to the terms <em>gentilitas </em>and <em>paganismus </em>in order to allude to two entities that were not only different, but even more, opposed in some fundamental characteristics. Indeed, <em>gentilitas </em>referred to individuals that had not known of Christianism yet but still conserved the possibility of becoming Christians and thus could still obtain salvation, whereas <em>paganismus</em> referred to those who had known of Christianism but decided to reject it, deserving eternal death. The aim of this paper is to go in depth in the knowledge of the meaning that Maximus attributed to the term <em>gentilitas </em>through the analysis of his sermon XX and the peculiar relationship he established there between <em>gentilitas</em>, <em>peccatum </em>and <em>humanitas.</em></p>