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An Unexpected Iron (II)-Based Homogeneous Catalytic System for Highly Efficient CO<sub>2</sub>-to-CO Conversion under Visible-Light Irradiation
oleh: Zi-Cheng Fu, Cheng Mi, Yan Sun, Zhi Yang, Quan-Qing Xu, Wen-Fu Fu
Format: | Article |
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Diterbitkan: | MDPI AG 2019-05-01 |
Deskripsi
We present two as-synthesized Fe(II)-based molecular catalysts with 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) ligands; Fe(phen)<sub>3</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> (<b>1</b>) and [Fe(phen)<sub>2</sub>(CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH)Cl]Cl (<b>2</b>), and their robust catalytic properties for the conversion of CO<sub>2</sub> to CO in DMF/TEOA (DMF = <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>’-dimethylformamide; TEOA = triethanolamine) solution containing Ru(bpy)<sub>3</sub><sup>2+</sup> and BIH (1,3-dimethyl-2-phenyl-2,3- dihydro-1<i>H</i>-benzo-[d]-imidazole). High turnover numbers (TONs) of 19,376 were achieved with turnover frequencies (TOFs) of 3.07 s<sup>−1</sup> for complex <b>1</b> (1.5 × 10<sup>−7</sup> M). A quantum efficiency of 0.38% was observed after 5 h irradiated by 450 nm monochromatic light. The generation rate of CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub> were tuned by optimizing the experimental conditions, resulting in a high CO selectivity of 90%. The remarkable contribution of the photosensitizer to the total TON<sub>CO</sub> was found being 19.2% (as shown by tests under similar conditions without catalysts) when BIH was employed as a sacrificial electron donor. The product selectivity in complex <b>2</b> reached 95%, and the corresponding TON<sub>CO</sub> and TOF<sub>CO</sub> were 33,167 and 4.61 s<sup>−1</sup> in the same concentration with complex <b>1</b> used as catalyst; respectively. This work provides guidance for future designs of simple, highly efficient and selective molecular catalytic systems that facilitate carbon-neutral solar-to-fuel conversion processes