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The asymmetric unit of the title compound, {[CoEr2(C5H2N2O4)2(SO4)2(H2O)4]·H2O}n, contains a CoII ion, two ErIII ions, two imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylate (imdc) ligands, two SO42− anions, four coordinated water molecules and one uncoordinated water molecule. The CoII ion is six-coordinated by two O atoms from two coordinated water molecules and two O atoms and two N atoms from two imdc ligands in a slightly distorted octahedral geometry. Both ErIII ions are eight-coordinated in a bicapped trigonal–prismatic coordination geometry. One ErIII ion is coordinated by four O atoms from two imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylate ligands, three O atoms from three SO42− anions and one water O atom; the other ErIII ion is bonded to five O atoms from three imdc ligands, two O atoms from two SO42− anions as well as one coordinated water molecule. The coordinated metal units are connected by bridging imdc ligands and sulfate ions, generating a two-dimensional heterometallic layer. The two-dimensional layers are stacked along the b axis via N—H...O, O—H...O and C—H...O hydrogen-bonding interactions between water molecules, SO42− anions, and imdc ligands, generating a three-dimensional framework.