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AIM:To explore the correlation between the degree of diabetic macular edema(DME)and the level of serum sialic acid in patients with type 2 diacetic. <p>METHODS:Sixty-five patients with type 2 diabetes were included in this study and another 54 cases were included as health control group. The concentration of serum sialic acid was tested by colorimetric methed. The degree of DME was detected by fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA). <p>RESULTS:In the 65 diabetes patients,22 cases had DME(level 1:10 cases, lebel 2:5 cases, lebel 3:7 cases). The level of serum sialic acid in diabetic patients was 96.56±14.29mmol/L, that in control group was 42.44±17.68mmol/L, and the difference between the two groups was significant(<i>P</i><0.05). In diabetes patients group, level of serum sialic acid was 86.53±13.39mmol/L in patients without DME and that was 110.09±18.81mmol/L in those with DME and the difference between the two groups was significant(<i>P</i><0.05). Significant correlations existed between the level of serum sialic acid and DME(<i>r</i>=0.62,<i>P</i><0.05). <p>CONCLUSION:The concentration of serum sialic acid increases in patients with DME, and the DME is severer as the level increasing.