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Age-related hepatic lipid accumulation has become a major health problem in the elderly population. Specnuezhenide (SPN) is a major active iridoid glycoside from an edible herb <i>Fructus Ligustri Lucidi</i>, which is commonly used for preventing age-related diseases. However, the beneficial effects of SPN on age-related liver injury remain unknown. This study aimed to reveal the effect of SPN on age-related hepatic lipid accumulation and the underlying mechanism. D-galactose (D-gal)-induced aging mice were treated with vehicle or SPN for 12 weeks. Treatment of SPN decreased lipid accumulation and inflammation in the liver of D-gal–induced mice. Untargeted and targeted metabolomics showed that the SPN could regulate the bile acid (BA) synthesis pathway and restore the BA compositions in serum, livers, and feces of the D-gal–induced mice. Furthermore, SPN enhanced the protein and mRNA levels of hepatic BAs synthesis enzymes cytochrome P45027A1, cytochrome P4507A1, cytochrome P4507B1, and cytochrome P4508B1. Meanwhile, SPN alleviated D-gal-induced gut dysbiosis and reversed the proportions of microbes associated with bile salt hydrolase activity, including <i>Lactobacillus</i>, <i>Ruminiclostridium</i>, and <i>Butyrivibrio</i>. Our study revealed that SPN attenuated age-related hepatic lipid accumulation by improving BA profiles via modulating hepatic BA synthesis enzymes and gut microbiota.