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The utilization of biomimetic materials that merge functional nanoparticles (NPs) with a cell-derived nanosized membrane is a state-of-the-art approach to harnessing cellular properties for biomedical applications. However, the development of biocompatible and species-selective biomimetic agents against hazardous pathogens threatening human health is still in its early stages. Herein, we report the synthesis and functional analysis of a novel nanoplatform in which a PEGylated MoS₂-ZnO (MZ) nanocomposite was cloaked with a generally regarded as safe (GRAS)-grade <i>Lactobacillus paracasei</i>-derived extracellular vesicle (LPEV) for MZ-LPEV nanocomposite and evaluated its activity against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. The MZ nanocomposite was characterized via X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The coating of MZ with LPEV was confirmed through nanoparticle tracking analysis and zeta potential measurements. MZ-LPEV exhibited 5- to 20-fold higher antibacterial activity than that of ZO NPs and MZ nanocomposite against <i>S. aureus</i>. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and bacterial membrane disruption were confirmed as antibacterial mechanisms of MZ-LPEV. Finally, MZ-LPEV exhibited enhanced biocompatibility and selectivity for <i>S. aureus</i>. All our results showed that LPEV could be utilized for developing synergistic nanoantibiotics against <i>S. aureus</i>.