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Due to the interest in using probiotic bacteria in poultry production, this research was focused on evaluating the effects of <i>Lactobacillus fermentum</i> Biocenol CCM 7514 administration on body weight gain and cytokine gene expression in chickens challenged with <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i>. One-hundred and eight 1-day old COBB 500 broiler chickens were equally assigned to four experimental groups at random. In the control group (C) chicks were left untreated, whereas in groups LB and LBCj a suspension of <i>L. fermentum</i> was administered. A suspension of <i>C. jejuni</i> was subsequently applied to groups Cj and LBCj. Body weight was registered, and the individuals were later slaughtered; cecum samples were collected at 12, 36 and 48 h post-infection (hpi). The entire experiment lasted seven days. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to determine expression levels of IL-1β, IL-15, IL-17, and IL-18 at each time point. Pathogen-infected individuals were observed to weigh significantly less than those fed with the probiotic. Significant differences were also found in transcript abundance; expression of IL-15 was downregulated by the probiotic and upregulated by <i>C. jejuni</i>. The effects of bacterial treatments were time-dependent, as the expression profiles differed at later stages. The present outcomes demonstrate that <i>L. fermentum</i> both reduces the impact of <i>C. jejuni</i> infection on chicken body weight and regulates positively pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, which ultimately increase bird well-being and improves production.