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Spinophilin (SPN) was first isolated from the dendritic spines of neurons as a binding protein of protein phosphatase PP1, it is also known as PPP1R9B. SPN can not only bind to PP1, but also interacts with more than 30 proteins, including cytoskeleton proteins and adhesion molecules. SPN participates in biological processes such as synaptic plasticity, neuronal migration, intracellular signal transduction, and plays an important role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases, psychiatric disorders and neuronal tumors. Therefore, understanding the role and mechanism of SPN in the physiological and pathological processes may support is helpful to advance the basic research and clinical transformation.