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The plant transcription factor <i>WRINKLED1</i> (<i>WRI1</i>), a member of <i>AP2/EREBP</i>, is involved in the regulation of glycolysis and the expression of genes related to the de novo synthesis of fatty acids in plastids. In this study, the key regulator of seed oil synthesis and accumulation transcription factor gene <i>PoWRI1</i> was identified and cloned, having a complete open reading frame of 1269 bp and encoding 422 amino acids. Subcellular localization analysis showed that <i>PoWRI1</i> is located at the nucleus. After the expression vector of <i>PoWRI1</i> was constructed and transformed into wild-type <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>, it was found that the overexpression of <i>PoWRI1</i> increased the expression level of downstream target genes such as <i>BCCP2</i>, <i>KAS1</i>, and <i>PKP-β1</i>. As a result, the seeds of transgenic plants became larger, the oil content increased significantly, and the unsaturated fatty acid content increased, which provide a scientific theoretical basis for the subsequent use of genetic engineering methods to improve the fatty acid composition and content of plant seeds.