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Abstract In this paper, we investigate the heavy quark (HQ) mass effects on the transverse momentum dependent fragmentation function (TMDFF). We first calculate the one-loop TMDFF initiated by a heavy quark. We then investigate the HQ TMDFF in the limit where the transverse momentum, q ⊥ is small compared to the heavy quark mass, q ⊥ ≪ m and also in the opposite limit where q ⊥ ≫ m. As applications of the HQ TMDFF, we study the HQ transverse momentum dependent jet fragmentation function, where the heavy quark fragments into a jet containing a heavy hadron, and we investigate a heavy hadron’s transverse momentum dependent distribution with respect to the thrust axis in e + e − collisions.