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The Milky Way is used by nocturnal flying and walking insects for maintaining heading while navigating. In this study, we have explored the feasibility of the method for machine vision systems on autonomous vehicles by measuring the visual features and characteristics of the Milky Way. We also consider the conditions under which the Milky Way is used by insects and the sensory systems that support their detection of the Milky Way. Using a combination of simulated and real Milky Way imagery, we demonstrate that appropriate computer vision methods are capable of reliably and accurately extracting the orientation of the Milky Way under an unobstructed night sky. The technique presented achieves angular accuracy of better then <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>±</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>° under moderate light pollution conditions but also demonstrates that higher light pollution levels will adversely effect orientation estimates by systems depending on the Milky Way for navigation.