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Objectives: This study aims to assess (1) the difference in the prevalence of headaches, pain, and other associated symptoms between Gulf War I (1990–1991) and Post-Gulf War I (1992–2015) veterans who served as active military personnel in the Persian Gulf and (2) how the durations of deployment may affect the prevalence of those symptoms. Methods: With institutional human subject committee approval, veterans who were accepted to the Gulf War Registry at the VA San Diego Healthcare System between July 2013 and June 2015 ( N  = 367) were included in this retrospective chart review study and grouped according to the Gulf War period they served under or how long they were deployed to the Persian Gulf. Chi-square was used for categorical data analyses and analysis of variance was conducted for continuous outcomes. All analyses were two-tailed, where applicable, with α  = 0.05 and Bonferroni for pairwise group comparisons. Results: Veterans who served during Post-Gulf War I or both Gulf War I and Post-Gulf War I exhibited more pain and neurological symptoms than Gulf War I veterans ( p  = 0.005, p  = 0.003). In addition, veterans who served ⩾12 months reported more overall pain symptoms and analgesic use than those who served less time ( p  < 0.001, p  = 0.024). Conclusion: The findings suggest that the length of deployment and Persian Gulf deployment period may play a role in acquiring headaches, pain, and other associated symptoms with increased analgesic consumption.