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In the months after July 1936, acts of anticlerical violence and iconoclasm underscored attempts to reconfigure radically social relations and the physical landscape in many parts of Republican Spain. Taking the destruction of the Sacred Heart of Jesus as its analytical focus, this text examines the connection between the grassroots battle waged by anticlerical workers against the Catholic Church’s public presence during the peacetime Republican years, and the severity and forms of the war’s anticlerical destruction.