Tunable x-ray free electron laser multi-pulses with nanosecond separation

oleh: Franz-Josef Decker, Karl L. Bane, William Colocho, Sasha Gilevich, Agostino Marinelli, John C. Sheppard, James L. Turner, Joshua J. Turner, Sharon L. Vetter, Aliaksei Halavanau, Claudio Pellegrini, Alberto A. Lutman

Format: Article
Diterbitkan: Nature Portfolio 2022-02-01

Deskripsi

Abstract X-ray Free Electron Lasers provide femtosecond x-ray pulses with narrow bandwidth and unprecedented peak brightness. Special modes of operation have been developed to deliver double pulses for x-ray pump, x-ray probe experiments. However, the longest delay between the two pulses achieved with existing single bucket methods is less than 1 picosecond, thus preventing the exploration of longer time-scale dynamics. We present a novel two-bucket scheme covering delays from 350 picoseconds to hundreds of nanoseconds in discrete steps of 350 picoseconds. Performance for each pulse can be similar to the one in a single pulse operation. The method has been experimentally tested with the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS-I) and the copper linac with LCLS-II hard x-ray undulators.