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Background: antimicrobial resistance is a global problem in human and veterinary medicine. We aimed to investigate the extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing <i>Enterobacterales</i> (ESBL-PE) gut colonization in healthy community dogs in Israel. Methods: Rectal swabs were sampled from 145 healthy dogs, enriched, plated on selective plates, sub-cultured to obtain pure cultures, and ESBL production was confirmed. Bacterial species and antibiotic susceptibility profiles were identified. WGS was performed on all of the ESBL-PE isolates and their resistomes were identified in silico. Owners’ questionnaires were collected for risk factor analysis. Results: ESBL-PE gut colonization rate was 6.2% (<i>n</i> = 9/145, 95% CI 2.9–11.5). Overall, ten isolates were detected (one dog had two isolates); the main species was <i>Escherichia coli</i> (eight isolates), belonging to diverse phylogenetic groups—B1, A and C. Two isolates were identified as <i>Citrobacter braakii</i>, and <i>C. portucalensis</i>. A phylogenetic analysis indicated that all of the isolates were genetically unrelated and sporadic. The isolates possessed diverse ESBL genes and antibiotic-resistance gene content, suggesting independent ESBL spread. In a multivariable risk factor analysis, coprophagia was identified as a risk factor for ESBL-PE gut colonization (<i>p</i> = 0.048, aOR = 4.408, 95% CI 1.014–19.169). Conclusions: healthy community dogs may be colonized with ESBL-PE MDR strains, some of which were previously reported in humans, that carry wide and diverse resistomes and may serve as a possible source for AMR.