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IntroductionEmerging evidence have suggested a potential relationship between hysterectomy and risk of kidney cancer with inconsistent results. We aimed to investigate the association of hysterectomy with kidney cancer risk based on a meta-analysis of all available cohort studies.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was performed in the PubMed and Embase database, covering all the papers published by September 2022. The pooled relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a DerSimonian and Laird random effects model.ResultsOverall, our meta-analysis included 10 cohorts from 9 studies with approximately 240 million participants. The pooled RR with its 95% CI showed a significantly positive association between hysterectomy and risk of kidney cancer (RR 1.30, 95% CI 1.19-1.41). No obvious heterogeneity was observed across the studies (P = 0.206 for heterogeneity; I2 = 25.9%).ConclusionFindings from this meta-analysis of cohort studies indicated that hysterectomy was positively associated with subsequent kidney cancer risk. Further large prospective studies with long-term follow-up are warranted to verify these findings.