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Abstract Background Rosai–Dorfman–Destombes (RDD) is also known as sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (SHML). It is a benign proliferative disorder of histiocytes, affecting lymph nodes, rarely with extra-nodal involvement. Rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) with fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) can be utilized as a minimally invasive investigation to avoid unnecessary surgery of this self-limiting disease. Case presentation A 65-year-old female presented with complaints of bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy since 1 year. Rapid on-site stain with FNAC from bilateral cervical lymph nodes revealed features of Rosai–Dorfman–Destombes (RDD) disease. Conclusion FNAC with rapid on-site evaluation can provide a simple and cost-effective method for looking at the unique cytological features of the disease and act as a first-line investigation.