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The corrosion behavior of 310S stainless steel was investigated in synthetic tap water and Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺-free solutions with different concentration ratios at 80 °C using electrochemical measurement techniques and surface analysis methods. The main purpose was to obtain the electrochemical corrosion characteristics under carbonate scale conditions. The specimens displayed a spontaneous passivation state in the solutions with or without Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions. With the enlargement of the concentration ratio of synthetic tap water from 1 to 10 times, the polarization resistance under free corrosion conditions and the pitting potential decreased by about 48% and 327 mV, respectively. The pitting tendency increased with increasing concentration ratio of tap water. The carbonate scales deposited from the synthetic tap water solutions were mainly composed of CaCO₃, which led to a slight increase in the polarization resistance and the pitting potential and decrease in the passive current density.