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<b>: </b>Background: Kidney function in preterm newborns may be impaired by many factors. Methods: 71 newborns with gestational age (GA) &lt; 32 weeks were enrolled. Serum creatinine (sCr), cystatin C (CysC), beta-trace protein (BTP) and urea were measured at T0 (3^rd day of life) and T36 (GA 36 weeks), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated according to different formulas at T36. Pre-natal and post-natal kidney injury risk scores were calculated. Results: Newborns with GA &#8804; 28 weeks had higher sCr at T0, and lower sCr, BTP and higher urea levels at T36 (<i>p</i> = 0.007, <i>p</i> = 0.005 and <i>p</i><i> </i>= 0.029, respectively). eGFR values were not different according to GA when calculated by the formulas using only CysC, but were higher in subjects with GA &#8804; 28 weeks according to the other formulas. The post-natal score was positively correlated with eGFR according to sCr-based formulas, but the correlations did not persist when adjusted for urea levels and GA. Conclusions: CysC-based eGFR values are not influenced by GA. Post-natal score shows a direct correlation with eGFR according to sCr-based formulas, not persisting after adjustment for GA and urea levels, implying the importance of the nutritional status, since more premature subjects receive a more aggressive nutritional regimen, testified by higher urea levels.