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We analyzed observations of the solar activities and the solar wind parameters associated with large geomagnetic storms near the maximum of solar cycle&nbsp;23. This analysis showed that strong southward interplanetary magnetic fields (IMFs), formed through interaction between an interplanetary disturbance, and background solar wind or between interplanetary disturbances are an important factor in the occurrence of intense geomagnetic storms. Based on our analysis, we seek to improve our understanding of the physical processes in which large negative <i>B_z</i>'s are created which will lead to improving predictions of space weather.<br><br> <b>Key words.</b> Interplanetary physics (Flare and stream dynamics; Interplanetary magnetic fields; Interplanetary shocks)