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Understanding the influence of vegetation types on soil particle-size distribution (PSD) is essential to evaluate the effects of sediment control by vegetation restoration. In this work, we studied the effects of different vegetation types, including bare land, meadow, shrub and forest on soil PSD in Jiangjiagou gully, Yunnan province, China. A total of 60 soil samples were collected and analyzed for soil particle size distribution using the laser diffraction method. Fractal theory was used to calculate multifractal parameters. The volume fraction of silt particles in shrub and forest is significantly higher than that in bare land, meadow, whereas the total volume fraction of sand particles in bare land and meadow exceed that in shrub and forest. The soil particle size distribution along soil layers has no significant difference in each vegetation type. The volumetric fractal dimension is significantly higher in forest and shrub than in bare land and grassland, but there is no significant difference between forest and shrub. In addition, soil erosion resistance exhibits significant differences of forest > shrub > grassland > bare land. Multifractal parameters are highest in bare land except for multifractal spectrum values (f (αmax) and f (αmin)) and the maximum value of singularity index (αmin). All generalized dimensions spectra curves of the PSD are sigmoidal, whereas the singular spectrum function shows an asymmetric upward convex curve. Furthermore, soil erosion resistance has significant relationships with multifractal parameters. Our results suggest that multifractal parameters of the soil PSD can predict its anti-ability to erosion. This study also provides an important insight for the evaluation of soil structure improvement and the effects of erosion control by vegetation restoration in dry-hot valley areas.