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Adherence to a medication regimen is generally defined as the extent to which patients take medications as prescribed by their health care providers. Approximately 50% of patients do not take their medications as prescribed. Factors contributing to poor medication adherence include those that are related to patients (eg., suboptimal health literacy and lack of involvement in the treatment decision–making process), those that are related to physicians (eg., prescription of complex drug regimens, communication barriers, ineffective communication), and those that are related to health care systems (eg., limited access to care). Because barriers to medication adherence are complex and varied, solutions to improve adherence must be multifactorial.