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Carbon nanotube fiber (CNTF) is a highly conductive and porous platform to grow active materials of lithium-ion batteries (LIB). Here, we prepared SnO₂@CNTF based on sulfonic acid-functionalized CNTF to be used in LIB anodes without binder, conductive agent, and current collector. The SnO₂ nanoparticles were grown on the CNTF in an aqueous system without a hydrothermal method. The functionalized CNTF exhibited higher conductivity and effective water infiltration compared to the raw CNTF. Due to the enhanced water infiltration, the functionalized CNTF became SnO₂@CNTF with an ideal core–shell structure coated with a thin SnO₂ layer. The specific capacity and rate capability of SnO₂@-functionalized CNTF were superior to those of SnO₂@raw CNTF. Since the SnO₂@CNTF-based anode was free of a binder, conductive agent, and current collector, the specific capacity of the anode studied in this work was higher than that of conventional anodes.