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Background and objective Epidemiology of lung cancer has changed along with the time. The aim of this study is to analyze the distribution of sex, age, pathology and smoking in the lung cancer cases from 1996 to 2005 of Nanjing city. Methods Clinical data of 1128 lung cancer cases were collected and evaluated.Results The amount of lung cancer cases in male was more than that in female, the proportion of male and female was 2.4:1, but the cases of female were increased in 2001-2005. The average age of lung cancer incidence had a trend of decrease in these 10 years, the cases of under 50 age were increased in 2001-2005, the cases of adenocarcinoma were increased evidently in these 10 years. The smoking rate of the male was higher than the female, and the squamous carcinoma was the highest in all cases. Conclusion The lung cancer incidence age has a decreasing trend in these past 10 years. The number of females with lung cancer increases compared with males, and the proportion of adenocarcinoma shows an increase tendency in all cases.