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Background: A number of hypotheses and theories about schizophrenia have tried to explain the disease in various dimensions. Past scientif ic research demonstrated the relevance of nutrients in mental health. Neurodevelopmental and transmethylation theories suggest the role of nutritional factors (vitamins) and genetic factors in the development of the disease. Vitamins and minerals are involved in one or more biochemical pathways and/or physiological actions which influence the function of the human brain. Vitamin deficiencies leading to oxidative damage, methylation deficits, affecting brain developmental mechanisms and neuro-degeneration may explain well some of the symptoms seen in schizophrenia. Methods: Pubmed and Medline search, Scopus, journal and textbook articles have been accessed for the review of literature on Vitamin deficiencies in Schizophrenia. Results: Several nutritional epidemiological studies have provided evidence on the role of vitamins in schizophrenia either in the causation of the illness or as an adjunct in the treatment. Conclusions: This review provides an overview of the role of vitamins in schizophrenia.