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This study evaluated the effect of anandamide (AEA) on interleukin (IL)-1β synthesis and gene expression of <i>IL-1β</i>, its type I (<i>IL-1R1</i>) and II (<i>IL-1R2</i>) receptors, and IL-1 receptor antagonist (<i>IL-1RN</i>) in the hypothalamic structures, involved in the central control of reproduction, during inflammation. Animals were intravenously (i.v.) injected with bacterial endotoxin-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (400 ng/kg) or saline, and two hours after LPS administration., a third group received i.v. injection of AEA (10 μg/kg). Ewes were euthanized one hour later. AEA injection (<i>p</i> < 0.05) suppressed LPS-induced expression of IL-1β protein in the hypothalamus. The gene expression of <i>IL-1β</i>, <i>IL-1RN</i>, and <i>IL-1R2</i> in the hypothalamic structures was higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in animals treated with both LPS and AEA in comparison to other experimental groups. AEA administration did not influence LPS-stimulated <i>IL-1R1</i> gene expression. Our study shows that AEA suppressed IL-1β synthesis in the hypothalamus, likely affecting posttranscriptional levels of this cytokine synthesis. However, anti-inflammatory effect of AEA might also result from its stimulating action on <i>IL-1RN</i> and <i>IL-1R2</i> gene expression. These results indicate the potential of endocannabinoids and/or their metabolites in the inhibition of inflammatory process at the level of central nervous system, and therefore their usefulness in the therapy of inflammation-induced neuroendocrine disorders.