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In this paper, the synchronization problem of uncertain neutral-type neural networks (NTNNs) with sampled-data control is investigated. First, a mixed-delay-dependent augmented Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional (LKF) is proposed, which not only considers the interaction between transmission delay and communication delay, but also takes the interconnected relationship between neutral delay and transmission delay into consideration. Then, a two-sided looped functional is also involved in the LKF, which effectively utilizes the information on the intervals <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mrow><mo>[</mo><msub><mi>t</mi><mi>k</mi></msub><mo>,</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>]</mo></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mrow><mo>[</mo><msub><mi>t</mi><mi>k</mi></msub><mo>−</mo><mi>τ</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>τ</mi><mo>]</mo></mrow><mo>,</mo><mrow><mo>[</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>,</mo><msub><mi>t</mi><mrow><mi>k</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>,</mo><mspace width="4pt"></mspace><mrow><mo>[</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>τ</mi><mo>,</mo><msub><mi>t</mi><mrow><mi>k</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub><mo>−</mo><mi>τ</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. Furthermore, based on the suitable LKF and a free-matrix-based integral inequality, two synchronization criteria via a sampled-data controller considering communication delay are derived in forms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Finally, three numerical examples are carried out to confirm the validity of the proposed criteria.