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Ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 （FSP1） is a key suppressor in the process of ferroptosis， which can prevent cell death and has important biological functions and potential value in clinical application. In this article， the discovery background， gene localization and structural characteristics of FSP1， as well as its dual role in inhibiting ferroptosis and promoting apoptosis were explicitly discussed. In clinical researches， FSP1 inhibitors， such as iFSP1 and icFSP1， have been developed. Subsequently， the regulatory mechanisms of FSP1 expression， its association with tumor immune escape， and its potential as a monitoring indicator for tumor prognosis and therapeutic response will be investigated.