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<p>Nowadays, the strategies of gene therapy for the treatment of refractory epilepsy (RE) mainly include modulating neurotransmitter systems, neuropeptide Y (NPY) and neurotrophic factors. Among them, the hot target spots include γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and its receptor, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and its receptor, galanin, NPY and neurotrophic factors. This paper reviews the chief research results, and advantages and disadvantages of studies, and provides evidence for the treatment of refractory epilepsy.</p><p> </p><p>doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2014.12.004</p>