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This study proposes a conceptual framework emphasising ambidextrous HRM's ability to foster organisational capabilities to survive and succeed in a challenging business environment. We include ambidextrous HRM systems in our discussion on the effectiveness of HRM fit and flexibility. To achieve this, we draw linkages between HRM systems facilitating organisational capabilities in a suitable organisational design, operating within a particular market and corresponding environmental conditions. We further discuss the relevance and operationalisation of ambidextrous HRM systems in the context of the platform-based gig economy.