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A recently-described butterflyfish, Roa haraguchiae Uejo, Senou et Motomura, 2020, is herewith for the first time reported from northeast Taiwan. In Taiwan, the genus Roa has been known represented by a single species, Roa modesta (Temminck et Schlegel, 1844). This study presents a comparison of R. haraguchiae with its congeners and includes diagnostic characters on the basis of morphology and genetic differences by life-barcoding. Our specimens have some differences that may be attributed to the individual variations, which are compared and discussed.