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The synthesis of (<i>E</i>)-phenylazo-3-<i>N</i>-(4-hydroxyphenyl)maleimide (<b>1</b>) using a procedure previously reported in <i>Molecules</i> is deemed to be erroneous. A detailed re-investigation of the earlier work suggests that the spectral data for key intermediates and the final product, (<b>1</b>), was mis-assigned. We conclude that compound (<b>1</b>) was not synthesized, but rather an unusual ring opening reaction of the maleimide unit of the starting material, <i>N</i>-(4-hydroxyphenyl)maleimide (<b>2</b>) leading to the generation of (<i>Z</i>)-4-((4-hydroxyphenyl)amino)-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid, (<b>3</b>) was observed instead. Examination of the original experimental data reveals systematic errors in the reporting of all of the combustion microanalytical data. Overall, the present investigation suggests that errors in the interpretation of spectral data, falsification of analytical data and selective editing of experimental results raise questions over the veracity of the work presented in the original paper.