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Methylammonium lead bromide perovskite (MAPbBr3)-embedded nano- and micro-fibers are successfully fabricated by using the uniaxial electrospinning technique. Through the study of solidification and coordination between perovskite with hybrid polymers, polymethyl methacrylate, and polyacrylonitrile, the bamboo-like perovskite-embedded polymer nano/microfibers are unpredictably formed. Encapsulated in polymer, the passive perovskite-embedded polymer fibers exhibit a long-term fluorescence performance when simultaneously exposed to both water immersion and short-wavelength laser irradiation. Notably, due to the efficient gain media, the perovskite-rich region of the electrospun fiber can act as an optical microcavity. Multi-mode and single-mode lasing behaviors can be achieved via different cavity lengths. The mechanism of a microlaser within this perovskite fiber is confirmed through a Fabry–Pérot cavity, which provides an opportunity for optical components in lasers.