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Surprisingly small HONO emissions from snow surfaces at Browning Pass, Antarctica
oleh: H. J. Beine, A. Amoroso, F. Dominé, M. D. King, M. Nardino, A. Ianniello, J. L. France
| Format: | Article |
|---|---|
| Diterbitkan: | Copernicus Publications 2006-01-01 |
Deskripsi
Measured Fluxes of nitrous acid at Browning Pass, Antarctica were very low, despite conditions that are generally understood as favorable for HONO emissions, including: acidic snow surfaces, an abundance of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> anions in the snow surface, and abundant UV light for NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> photolysis. Photochemical modeling suggests noon time HONO fluxes of 5–10 nmol m<sup>-2</sup> h<sup>-1</sup>; the measured fluxes, however, were close to zero throughout the campaign. The location and state of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> in snow is crucial to its reactivity. The analysis of soluble mineral ions in snow reveals that the NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> ion is probably present in aged snows as NaNO<sub>3</sub>. This is peculiar to our study site, and we suggest that this may affect the photochemical reactivity of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, by preventing the release of products, or providing a reactive medium for newly formed HONO. In fresh snow, the NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> ion is probably present as dissolved or adsorbed HNO<sub>3</sub> and yet, no HONO emissions were observed. We speculate that HONO formation from NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> photolysis may involve electron transfer reactions of NO<sub>2</sub> from photosensitized organics and that fresh snows at our site had insufficient concentrations of adequate organic compounds to favor this reaction.