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Background: Dental caries is a multifactor disease, affecting people of all ages. Inorganic mineral of serumand salva can also have protective role in dental caries. This study was carried out to evaluate and comparethe possible role o f salivary and serum factors like pH, adequate level of calcium, phosphate and fluoridein dental caries. Methodology: A Total of 100 subj ects aged 10-40 were selected. Decayed, missed and filled teeth (DMFT)were used as indices for scoring the dental caries and were distributed or divided into 4 groups on the basisofDMFT indices as 4-8 (Group I), 9-16 (Group II), 17-24 (Group III) and more than 25 (Group IV), whilethe control subj ects had DMFT index equal to or less than 3. pH, calcium, phosphate, fluoride and lacticacid were analyzed in saliva and serum. Results: Patients of dental caries showed significantly low levels of calcium, phosphate, fluoride (P<0.001)and significantly high level of lactic acid (P<0.001) in all the groups as compared to control subj ects.Prominent significant changes were observed in different groups. The salivary and serum pH, calcium,fluoride, phosphate and lactic levels were found to be significantly changed among the patients having dentalcaries. Conclusion: It can be concluded from the findings o f present study that the adequate levels o f calcium,phosphate and fluoride in saliva as well as serum are responsible for the significant deposition o f theseminerals in plaque which greatly reduces the developmental caries in the adj acent enamel.