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Hyperosmolality and various other stimuli can trigger an increase in cytoplasmic-free calcium concentration ([Ca²⁺]_cyt). Members of the <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (L.) <i>reduced hyperosmolality-gated calcium-permeable channels</i> (<i>OSCA</i>) gene family are reported to be involved in sensing extracellular changes to trigger hyperosmolality-induced [Ca²⁺]_cyt increases and controlling stomatal closure during immune signaling. Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) is a very important food crop, but there are few studies of its <i>OSCA</i> gene family members. In this study, 42 <i>OSCA</i> members were identified in the wheat genome, and phylogenetic analysis can divide them into four clades. The members of each clade have similar gene structures, conserved motifs, and domains. <i>TaOSCA</i> genes were predicted to be regulated by cis-acting elements such as STRE, MBS, DRE1, ABRE, etc. Quantitative PCR results showed that they have different expression patterns in different tissues. The expression profiles of 15 selected <i>TaOSCAs</i> were examined after PEG (polyethylene glycol), NaCl, and ABA (abscisic acid) treatment. All 15 <i>TaOSCA</i> members responded to PEG treatment, while <i>TaOSCA12</i>/-<i>39</i> responded simultaneously to PEG and ABA. This study informs research into the biological function and evolution of <i>TaOSCA</i> and lays the foundation for the breeding and genetic improvement of wheat.