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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of metal oxides and smelting dust on the formation of sulfur trioxide during copper, lead, zinc smelting process and flue. Focusing on the effects of SO₂ concentration, O₂ concentration, and temperature on SO₂ oxidation conversion rate under homogeneous test conditions, and under various metal oxide oxidation conditions, further in dust (mainly electric dust removal ash in copper, lead, zinc smelting process), which were studied by single factor experiment test. The results showed that the effect of heterogeneous catalytic oxidation on SO₂ conversion rate is much greater than that of pure gas phase oxidation. The addition of five pure metal oxides such as Fe₂O₃, CuO, Al₂O₃, ZnO, and CaO obviously promoted the SO₂ conversion rate under different conditions. At different temperatures, the ability of metal oxides to promote SO₂ conversion is ranked: Fe₂O₃ > CuO > CaO > ZnO > Al₂O₃. The catalytic oxidation of copper, lead, and zinc smelting dust to SO₂ conversion rate was studied, and the conclusion was drawn that the metal oxides that promoted SO₂ conversion rate in copper smelting dust were Fe₂O₃, Al₂O₃, ZnO, CaO, and the main substance was Fe₂O₃; the metal oxides that promoted SO₂ conversion in zinc smelting dust were Fe₂O₃, Al₂O₃, ZnO, CaO, CuO, and the main substances were Fe₂O₃ and ZnO; the metal oxides that promoted SO₂ conversion rate in lead smelting dust were Fe₂O₃. Whether metal oxides or copper, zinc, lead smelting dust in the experiment, Fe₂O₃ displayed the strongest catalytic oxidation capacity.