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<i>Zanthoxylum planispinum</i> is a type of plant with homologous properties in medicine and food, making it well-loved in China. To explore the development of the <i>Z. planispinum</i> field over the past 20 years, its research hotspots and frontier trends were analyzed. This study conducted database-based visualization analyses and knowledge graph analyses using CiteSpace software with data concerning <i>Z. planispinum</i> published in the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and Web of Science databases between 2003 and 2023. Over the last 20 years, the number of Chinese and English publications on <i>Z. planispinum</i> has shown increasing trends. The foci of this research were mainly germplasm resources, cultivation management, seed oil extraction technology, flavonoid extraction technology, and correlation analyses of antioxidant activities. The main research frontiers included the unified standard naming and adaptation mechanisms of <i>Z. germplasm</i> resources, orientation cultivation, functional component extraction, processing technology research and development, and industrial chain construction. The results provide a scientific reference for the high-quality development of the <i>Z. planispinum</i> industry.