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This study explored the association of multiple risk factors with musculoskeletal function in adults hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome. Sixty-nine inpatients (55 ± 6 years; 67% male) admitted to the cardiology ward within <12 h were assessed regarding stress, smoking, alcoholism, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and obesity. The musculoskeletal function was assessed by predicted values of handgrip strength of the dominant hand (HGS-D_%) and maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures (MIP_% and MEP_%, respectively). After adjustment by age and sex, drinking habits showed the strongest linear association with the total number of cardiovascular disease risk factors [standardized ß, <i>p</i>-value] (ß = 0.110, <i>p</i> < 0.001), followed by smoking load (ß = 0.028, <i>p</i> = 0.009). Associations were also observed for HGS-D_% with mean blood pressure (ß = 0.019 [0.001; 0.037], <i>p</i> = 0.048); MIP_% with mean blood pressure (ß = 0.025 [0.006; 0.043], <i>p</i> = 0.013); and MEP_% with drinking habits (ß = 0.009 [0.002; 0.016], <i>p</i> = 0.013) and body mass index (ß = 0.008 [0.000; 0.015], <i>p</i> = 0.035). Peripheral and respiratory muscle strength must be interpreted in the context of its association with cardiovascular disease risk factors in adults hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome.