Find in Library
Search millions of books, articles, and more
Indexed Open Access Databases
Applications of Haar Wavelet-Finite Difference Hybrid Method and Its Convergence for Hyperbolic Nonlinear Schr<i>ö</i>dinger Equation with Energy and Mass Conversion
oleh: Xuan Liu, Muhammad Ahsan, Masood Ahmad, Muhammad Nisar, Xiaoling Liu, Imtiaz Ahmad, Hijaz Ahmad
| Format: | Article |
|---|---|
| Diterbitkan: | MDPI AG 2021-11-01 |
Deskripsi
This article is concerned with the numerical solution of nonlinear hyperbolic Schr<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mover accent="true"><mi>o</mi><mo>¨</mo></mover></semantics></math></inline-formula>dinger equations (NHSEs) via an efficient Haar wavelet collocation method (HWCM). The time derivative is approximated in the governing equations by the central difference scheme, while the space derivatives are replaced by finite Haar series, which transform it to full algebraic form. The experimental rate of convergence follows the theoretical statements of convergence and the conservation laws of energy and mass are also presented, which strengthens the proposed method to be convergent and conservative. The Haar wavelets based on numerical results for solitary wave shape of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>|</mo><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">φ</mi><mo>|</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> are discussed in detail. The proposed approach provides a fast convergent approximation to the NHSEs. The reliability and efficiency of the method are illustrated by computing the maximum error norm and the experimental rate of convergence for different problems. Comparisons are performed with various existing methods in recent literature and better performance of the proposed method is shown in various tables and figures.