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Undernutrition is frequently seen in cancer and is considered as a bad prognostic factor. The mechanisms involved in this complex syndrome are not fully understood. Systemic inflammation plays an important role in the occurrence and/or development of cancer-associated undernutrition. Although it is essential to counteract cancer-associated undernutrition, modalities for nutritional treatment are still discussed. It has been shown that nutritional supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid could be beneficial in patients.