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The membrane proteins of the magnesium transporter (MGT) family are essential to Mg homeostasis. However, there has not been a comprehensive study of MGT in pear. The 17 <i>MGT</i> that were renamed to <i>PbMGT</i>1–17 in this study were found in the pear genome database. Phylogenetically, PbMGT proteins were categorized into three groups, namely NIPA, MRS2, and CorA. The majority of PbMGT were hydrophobic proteins situated on the chloroplast, according to the characterization study. Members of the same group shared comparable conserved motifs and gene structure, as revealed by motif and exon/intron analysis. The application of gene ontology (GO) and <i>cis</i>-elements has demonstrated that <i>PbMGT</i> genes exhibit a high degree of sensitivity to stressors and take part in chloroplast development and Mg⁺ ion transport. It was discovered by tissue-specific expression analysis that <i>PbMGT</i> genes might have a role in the development of organs. The critical significance of <i>PbMGT</i> was shown through comprehensive expression in five pear cultivars at various fruit developmental stages. The <i>PbMGT5</i> gene was significantly expressed throughout fruit development, suggesting a role in the setting and ripening processes of pear fruits. For the first time, our research brought attention to the function of <i>PbMGT</i> genes as they relate to fruit development. Our research is likely to serve as an incentive for the development of pear breeding initiatives in the future.