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This paper designs a new finite difference compact reconstruction unequal-sized weighted essentially nonoscillatory scheme (CRUS-WENO) for solving fractional differential equations containing the fractional Laplacian operator. This new CRUS-WENO scheme uses stencils of different sizes to achieve fifth-order accuracy in smooth regions and maintain nonoscillatory properties near discontinuities. The fractional Laplacian operator of order <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>β</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>0</mn><mo><</mo><mi>β</mi><mo><</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> is split into the integral part and the first derivative term. Using the Gauss–Jacobi quadrature method to solve the integral part of the fractional Laplacian operators, a new finite difference CRUS-WENO scheme is presented to discretize the first derivative term of the fractional equation. This new CRUS-WENO scheme has the advantages of a narrower large stencil and high spectral resolution. In addition, the linear weights of the new CRUS-WENO scheme can be any positive numbers whose sum is one, which greatly reduces the calculation cost. Some numerical examples are given to show the effectiveness and feasibility of this new CRUS-WENO scheme in solving fractional equations containing the fractional Laplacian operator.