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The economics and safety of reactors can be affected by the diffusion of fission products into graphite. Xenon (Xe) fission products diffusing into graphite is the most critical neutron absorber and poison that can slow down or stop the chain reaction. The transport parameters for inhibiting the xenon diffusion in graphite are therefore an important scientific problem. Self-sintered nanopore-isotropic (~40 nm) graphite (SSNG) derived from green pitch coke can decrease Xe diffusion into graphite. In this study, the surface morphology and microstructural evolution in graphite before and after irradiation, as well as after annealing, were studied with different characterization methods. A method for the measurement of diffusion coefficients of fission products’ diffusion in graphite using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) was also reported. The SSNG substrates were implanted with Xe at a dose of 4.8 × 10¹⁵ ions/cm² and energy of 7 MeV. The RT-implanted samples were annealed in a vacuum at 650 °C for 9 h. The implanted and annealed samples were characterized using RBS. The diffusion coefficient D (Xe, 650 °C) was 6.49 × 10⁻²⁰ m²/s. The results indicate SSNG’s excellent ability to inhibit Xe diffusion and are significant for designing and evaluating the safety of nuclear reactors.